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Reduced glutathione · tripeptide antioxidant reference standard
Overview
Glutathione (GSH) is the γ-glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine tripeptide and the principal intracellular thiol antioxidant in mammalian cells. Its first peptide bond is unusual — formed between the γ-carboxyl of glutamate and the α-amino of cysteine rather than the standard α-α linkage — which makes it resistant to typical peptidases, while the cysteine thiol is the redox-active site that cycles between reduced GSH and oxidized GSSG. It is referenced here as a characterized redox standard, not for any detoxification or pigmentation outcome. Lyochem supplies the reduced GSH form as a reference standard at ≥ 99.0% purity. The free thiol is the central analytical and stability concern: GSH oxidizes readily to the disulfide-linked GSSG dimer on exposure to air, heat, or light, so the GSH / GSSG ratio is the freshness marker reported on the release packet (target reduced-GSH-dominant), alongside chemical purity, residual solvents, and water content. Storage is at −20 °C, light-protected, and reconstituted material should be used promptly because the reduced form is the labile species. Larger fills are available for assay workflows that consume GSH stoichiometrically. This is reference-grade research material, distinct from compounding-scale API supply.
Applications & buyer fit
Other research peptides in this category — Melanotan-1, Melanotan-2, PT-141, ACE-031, Adipotide-FTTP, EPO, HCG, HMG — ship to research labs studying topics outside the GH / cognitive / immune / mitochondrial / repair / longevity / Khavinson clusters. Each peptide has its own analytical-packet emphasis (e.g. glycoprotein bioassay in IU/mg for HCG; cyclised-form confirmation for oxytocin) noted in the per-product CoA scope.
Academic Laboratories
Universities, medical schools, and government research institutes qualifying a reference standard for a method-development or in vivo workflow.
Biotech R&D Groups
Preclinical biotech and pharmaceutical discovery teams sourcing characterized peptides for receptor-pharmacology, screening, and method-development campaigns.
Every release ships with its own batch-specific CoA — identity, purity, and the analytical scope agreed at quote stage, tied to the exact lot you receive.
Review a representative batch CoA before you order, so you can confirm the packet matches what your method or sponsor audit needs.
Supplied strictly as a research reagent to research institutions — not a finished dosage form and not for human administration. Buyer qualification runs at the inquiry stage.
Specifications
Documentation available on request
Regulatory note
Lyochem supplies Glutathione strictly for Research Use Only; buyers are responsible for verifying ingredient eligibility in their destination market.
Frequently asked questions
GSH is the reduced form with a free cysteine thiol — the redox-active antioxidant species — while GSSG is the oxidized dimer of two GSH molecules linked by a disulfide. Lyochem supplies the reduced GSH form, but air, heat, and light drive GSH→GSSG oxidation, so the freshness specification is the GSH content as a fraction of total glutathione (reduced-GSH-dominant). A lab whose application is sensitive to the reduced form should request the GSH / GSSG ratio on the COA and verify it independently.
At −20 °C, light-protected, with the vial kept sealed; for the most thiol-sensitive work, storing the remainder under inert gas after first use limits further oxidation. Reconstituted solutions should be used promptly because the reduced form is the labile species and oxidizes faster in solution than in the lyophilized state.
GSH is often consumed stoichiometrically rather than catalytically in redox and cell-culture assays, so the working amounts are larger than the µg–mg scales typical of peptide reference standards. The larger fills match that consumption; a lab using small amounts can store the remainder sealed and light-protected at −20 °C to preserve the reduced form.
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